Access and benefits in payments for environmental services and implications for REDD+: Lessons from seven PES schemes

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• services 58%
• livelihood 44%
• sustainability 34%
• contract 30%
• conditionality 25%
• transaction cost 21%
• rights 16%
• ownership 16%
• cost 16%
• incentive 15%
• deforestation 14%
• income 13%
• household 12%
• infrastructure 11%
• filter 10%
• land 8%
• resource 8%
• monitoring 8%

Agriculture & Biology

• ecosystem services 100%
• livelihood 62%
• opportunity costs 25%
• ownership 22%
• deforestation 22%
• infrastructure 20%
• managers 18%
• households 17%
• income 16%
• duration 11%
• monitoring 11%
• degradation 11%

Social Sciences

• livelihood 52%
• sustainability 41%
• additional income 29%
• Ownership rights 27%
• Service contracts 26%
• opportunity costs 23%
• transaction costs 22%
• incentive 14%
• monitoring 13%
• determinants 13%
• manager 13%
• infrastructure 13%
• costs 10%
• resources 8%