From the Citizen’s Constitution to REDD+:Domestic and International Policy Instruments Intersecting Climate Change and Forestry in Brazil From 1988 to 2018

This article identifies forest and climate change public policy instruments in Brazil. The country created a complex network of forest protection, deforestation control policies and Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) instruments, culminating with institutional arrangements for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). Brazil’s positions at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiations relied on a diverse pattern of leadership, blockage, and flexibility. Under the Warsaw REDD+ Framework, Brazil reduced 8,2 billion tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e) and received almost 1,4 billion American dollars as results-based payments, by the end of 2018.