Guns for hire and enduring machines: clientelism beyond parties in Indonesia and the Philippines

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• attribute 11%
• clientelism 100%
• cooperation 13%
• coordination 14%
• democracy 21%
• fieldwork 15%
• incentive 15%
• material 6%
• organization 23%
• politics 36%
• resource 8%
• transition 9%

Social Sciences

• campaign 8%
• candidacy 18%
• clientelism 52%
• democracy 8%
• incentive 9%
• Indonesia 41%
• informal structure 18%
• Philippines 46%
• politician 19%
• politics 13%
• resources 5%
• vote buying 17%