Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Shinatria Adhityatama; R R Triwurjani; Dida Yurnaldi; Renee Janssen; Muslim Dimas Khoiru Dhony; Suryatman Suryatman; Abdullah Abbas; Alqiz Lukman; Francis Bulbeck

doi:10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335

Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Shinatria Adhityatama, R R Triwurjani, Dida Yurnaldi, Renee Janssen, Muslim Dimas Khoiru Dhony, Suryatman Suryatman, Abdullah Abbas, Alqiz Lukman, Francis Bulbeck

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Abstract

The population of Indonesia grew dramatically after her people discovered iron sources and started to use iron tools. One of the oldest known iron sources is Luwu in South Sulawesi. Based on historical and archaeological records, Java's 13th to 15th century Majapahit Empire imported iron of exceptional quality, known as Pamor Luwu, for forging kris daggers. Research done in 2016 and 2018 by Indonesia's National Research Center for Archaeology confirms previously reported evidence that the primary source of Pamor Luwu is smelted ore from the Matano Lake environs. Complementing the remnants of iron production at terrestrial sites, we found evidence for it in an underwater site named Pulau Ampat. This research is the first underwater archaeology research on iron production in Asia, and our discovery broadens the knowledge of iron production in Indonesia dating to the 1st millennium AD.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	11
Journal	Archaeological Research in Asia
Volume	29
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335
Publication status	Published - 2021

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10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335

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title = "Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia",

abstract = "The population of Indonesia grew dramatically after her people discovered iron sources and started to use iron tools. One of the oldest known iron sources is Luwu in South Sulawesi. Based on historical and archaeological records, Java's 13th to 15th century Majapahit Empire imported iron of exceptional quality, known as Pamor Luwu, for forging kris daggers. Research done in 2016 and 2018 by Indonesia's National Research Center for Archaeology confirms previously reported evidence that the primary source of Pamor Luwu is smelted ore from the Matano Lake environs. Complementing the remnants of iron production at terrestrial sites, we found evidence for it in an underwater site named Pulau Ampat. This research is the first underwater archaeology research on iron production in Asia, and our discovery broadens the knowledge of iron production in Indonesia dating to the 1st millennium AD.",

author = "Shinatria Adhityatama and Triwurjani, {R R} and Dida Yurnaldi and Renee Janssen and {Khoiru Dhony}, {Muslim Dimas} and Suryatman Suryatman and Abdullah Abbas and Alqiz Lukman and Francis Bulbeck",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335",

language = "English",

volume = "29",

pages = "11",

journal = "Archaeological Research in Asia",

issn = "2352-2267",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

AU - Adhityatama, Shinatria

AU - Triwurjani, R R

AU - Yurnaldi, Dida

AU - Janssen, Renee

AU - Khoiru Dhony, Muslim Dimas

AU - Suryatman, Suryatman

AU - Abbas, Abdullah

AU - Lukman, Alqiz

AU - Bulbeck, Francis

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - The population of Indonesia grew dramatically after her people discovered iron sources and started to use iron tools. One of the oldest known iron sources is Luwu in South Sulawesi. Based on historical and archaeological records, Java's 13th to 15th century Majapahit Empire imported iron of exceptional quality, known as Pamor Luwu, for forging kris daggers. Research done in 2016 and 2018 by Indonesia's National Research Center for Archaeology confirms previously reported evidence that the primary source of Pamor Luwu is smelted ore from the Matano Lake environs. Complementing the remnants of iron production at terrestrial sites, we found evidence for it in an underwater site named Pulau Ampat. This research is the first underwater archaeology research on iron production in Asia, and our discovery broadens the knowledge of iron production in Indonesia dating to the 1st millennium AD.

AB - The population of Indonesia grew dramatically after her people discovered iron sources and started to use iron tools. One of the oldest known iron sources is Luwu in South Sulawesi. Based on historical and archaeological records, Java's 13th to 15th century Majapahit Empire imported iron of exceptional quality, known as Pamor Luwu, for forging kris daggers. Research done in 2016 and 2018 by Indonesia's National Research Center for Archaeology confirms previously reported evidence that the primary source of Pamor Luwu is smelted ore from the Matano Lake environs. Complementing the remnants of iron production at terrestrial sites, we found evidence for it in an underwater site named Pulau Ampat. This research is the first underwater archaeology research on iron production in Asia, and our discovery broadens the knowledge of iron production in Indonesia dating to the 1st millennium AD.

U2 - 10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335

DO - 10.1016/j.ara.2021.100335

M3 - Article

VL - 29

SP - 11

JO - Archaeological Research in Asia

JF - Archaeological Research in Asia

SN - 2352-2267

ER -

Pulau Ampat site: A submerged 8th century iron production village in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

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