Abstract
Researchers and decision-makers lack a shared understanding of resilience, and practical applications in environmental resource management are rare. Here, we define social-ecological resilience as a property of social-ecological systems that includes at least three main characteristics � resistance, recovery and robustness (the �three Rs�). We define socio-economic resilience management as planning, adaptation and transformational actions that may influence these system characteristics. We integrate the three Rs into a heuristic for resilience management that we apply in multiple management contexts to offer practical, systematic guidance about how to realize resilience.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 907-913 |
Journal | Nature Sustainability |
Volume | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2019 |